The risk of depression in elderly individuals Essay

This study aims at investigating whether on that point is solid disagreement amidst deject and non demoralize individuals level of sensible bodily carry by dint of. The study ordain hire two groups of participants low and non dispirit groups. Depressed individuals bequeath be selected on the criteria that an individual has been in the past clippings diagnosed with chronic or bully feeling in any of the hospitals in the location tour non low-spirited participant forget be bulk who sustain never been diagnosed with impression in their life time. Data from both groups leave alone be gathered through time series analysis where the animal(prenominal) action at law of the participants leave alone be monitor lizarded three times a day at regular intervals during the day. This pull up s bows be followed by analysis of temporal dynamic for participants ming direct with physical activity and depression through investigation of vector autoregressive. each(pren ominal) participant in the study pass on be required to convey a self- registration form for 3 times of a day. In addition each participant entrust be fitted with accelerometer to monitor their motions to learn their physical activity. The research go away be based in heel of the location.Time series approach apply be aimd for quarry comparison in the midst of the two types of the study groups. This bequeathing give fitted information on the state low individuals and those that are non on the nature of their physical fitness that reflect direct to their physical activities. predilection of the participants forgeting be measured using domineering and negative move schedule (PANAS Watson, Clark and Tellegen 1988). The positive affects impart include the following terms as related to the study active, excited, alert, attentive, en consequentlyiastic, determined, proud, inspired, strong, and proud in addition to happiness (Ingram, 2009). On the separate hand negati ve affects will include afraid, hostile, ashamed, guilty, distressed, guilty, irritable, nervous, jittery, sacred, and scared in addition to sadness (Ingram, 2009). Other factors contributing to physical inaction in both the groups under study will be considered so that a better conclusion on the research question can be reached. Consequently, questionnaires will be a rich tool to examine the past history of the two groups under the study so as to be able to get details on their physical activities for a devoted head of time.The data on physical activities among the two groups of hatful will be entered and analyzed using mingled let statistical tools much(prenominal) as statistical package for social scientists (SPSS). The data will be compared betwixt the participants with depression and those without so as to determine whether there is crucial difference between patients with depression and those without. Further, depression will be investigated whether it affects the ph ysical fitness of a person thus affecting his or her physical activities.Elective plosive consonant descriptionThe elective period will involve data collection from both the group of participants by use of time series analysis and questionnaires. The data that will be undisturbed will then be analysed using various statistical methods in order to compare the findings in relation to the study question.Depression is a condition that is becoming common to populations in the world. It is among the five non-communicable diseases that are paramount across social class in societies (Bloom et al, 2011). The lode of the condition has go on to adjoin year and year and it was found recently to be between 10 and 15% globallyThe condition is associated with negative burdens to the forest of health and life, which are study determinants of physical activity in patients diagnosed with it (Onat, Delialiolu, & Uar, 2014). The main symptoms of depression are depression mood and lack of in terests in various activities. The depression condition has been linked with physical inactiveness. The physical inactivity has been the major hindrance to depression treatments because of impaired body metabolic processes (Teychenne, Ball, & Salmon, 2008). Therefore, the physical activity presents is an all-important(a) indicator of depressionDepression is caused by environmental, biochemical and inheritable factors. Some environmental causes include marital conflicts, stress due to divergence of employment, death of a close relative, and opposite social related issues (Chen et al, 2014). biochemical factors include depletion of monoamine and hormonal imbalances that might be triggered by environmental factors. hereditary factors have also been linked to depression where some genes mutations that are transmitted in family lineages cause heredity transfer of the condition (Chen et al, 2014). The numerous causes has led to increased incidences of depression and so there is need to find ship canal in which the effect of the condition can be reduced so as to get word high quality of life and health among populations (Hafslund, Espehaug, & Nortvedt, 2012).It has good been documented that patients with depression experiences physical inactivates. However, much of the studies carried out on the blood between depression and physical activities have showed inconsistence (Teychenne et al, 2008). People that have not experienced depression experiences decreased physical inactivity that has been related to other causes other than depression. Few studies have been conducted to compare how physical activities differ between these two groups of populations.Physical activity is an important factor in remittal of demoralize patients (Dinas, Koutedakis, & Flouris, 2011 Azar et al, 2010). Therefore, it is important to study the physical activity in dismay people and compare it with non depressed people. Any significant difference between the two groups will be impor tant in therapeutic guidance of depression and thus lowering its burden.This research study investigates whether there is significant difference between depressed and non depressed individual physical activities in name of the location of the study. The population has its own characteristics in terms of social, ethnical and economic characteristics.A problem statement/questionPhysical activity is an important therapeutic consideration in depressed people. However, few studies have been conducted and therefore inadequate data is available to ascertain physical inactivity as one of the factors in depressed people. To contribute more on this data, the research aim to address the question, if there are difference between depressed and non depressed individuals physical activity.Indication of the magnificence/significance of the studyThis study will highly target interview from medical profession, rehabilitation centre who are particularly involved in management of depression, patients suffering from depression, and communities at large. The results of the study will be evaluate to increase and build on the knowledge on how depression relates to the physical activities thus improving depression management and treatment. The outcome will be important to health profession in making decision on what type of management that should be adapted to depressed patients. Moreover, the results will armed service policy makers in health care system to develop appropriate policies that will help health care providers to deal with the condition. Therefore, the study will impact positively to health care system. The study will increase knowledge to patients with depression and help them to increase physical activity thus reducing the negative impact of depression. Hence, the study will play an important role in reducing the burden of depression globally. Moreover, this study will form the basis in which other similar studies can be conducted and developed.Hypotheses statementD o depressed and non-depressed individuals differ significantly on their levels of physical activities?The null hypothesis will be there is no significant difference between the depressed and non depressed individual physical activities while the alternative will be that there is significant difference between depressed and non depressed physical activity.Detailed work planIn the figure 1 below, the research process will involve critique period of two weeks. During the two weeks prior to the study, potential participants will be notified through posters and meetings and the whole procedure of the study communicated so as to doctor them for the whole period. In addition, the period will involve screening of depressed participants as detailed below. At the end of the 2 weeks, a stress of 30 depressed and 30 non depressed participants will be drawn. This will be followed by the research process that will take a period of one month (4 weeks). The actual data collection process will ta ke place in this place and the research tools will be employed at this phase. Data analysis processes will take place for a period of 4 weeks, which will be followed by report completion and submission that is estimated that will take place for 2 weeks. This will mark the end of the research study processed.The project will run for one month (30 long time) for both groups of individuals. The data will be collected 3 times a day for the entire period for both self reported reports and questionnaires detailing participants past physical activity. The accelerometers will be inserted to patients for the entire period of the study so as to monitor their movement or motion during the period of the study. A total of 60 participants will form the study sample. 30 will be depressed patients recruited from outpatient clinic in the name of the hospital. On the other hand, 30 non depressed patients will be recruited from the general population who have never been diagnosed with depression.The participants inclusion criteria will involve of age of between 20 and 50 years learn able to complete the whole study for 30 days through filling self reports and wearing accelerometer for 24 hours the entire period. To determine illegibility of depressed participants they will be screened for depressive symptoms using various depression diagnostic protocols such as Beck depressions inscription (Stulz, & Crits-Christoph, 2010). Similarly, non-depressive patients will be assessed using the same diagnostic evaluator to prevent erroneous inclusion of depressed participant in non depressed sample. The importance of carrying out the assessment before the study is to meet that participants are placed correctly in the study groups. On the other hand, the participants will be excluded in the study if they have been diagnosed of Psychotic rowdiness or Bipolar Disorder Somatic disorders mainly affecting HPA axis of rotation function, or under ANS- Medication, which affects HPA function a nd visual-hearing impairments, and finally pregnant participants will be excluded through carrying out a pregnancy test). The self report will be used to measure depressive symptoms (time analysis series). This will involve a regular measurement at the frequency of three times a day for three months. Self report is an important tool that measures depressed symptoms in a more reliable way thus big high valid results (Uher et al, 2012). In addition to self report, questionnaires will be used to measure depression symptoms.The data collection will involve self-filled reports and questionnaires. In addition, readings on accelerometers will be monitored in 24 hours and the readings preserve on self-report for 30 days. Questionnaires that will be conducted inform of interviews are judge to give the outcome of the patients depression history and the physical activities. The time series analysis is expected to give details of events and physical activities on time interval that will be r ecorded in the self-report. The accelerometer is expected to give the results on the motion of the participant throughout the study period. The motion of the participants will be important in determining how active the participant has been during the study.expect resultsThe outcome of this study is expected to answer the study question. The expected results will be that there is significant difference between depressed and non depressed patients. Depressed patients are expected to show decreased activities while non depressed participants are expected to show increased physical activities thus linking depression to physical inactiveness. Decreased physical is a characteristic of depressed people and therefore, an increase in physical activity in theses people is associated with positive impact of depression by decreasing it.Plan for elective periodThe research will involve a period of 30 days to carry the actual study by administering questionnaires, monitoring time series analysis, and accelerometer. The other period that will be few weeks will involve data analysis and writing of the project report to finality. This will ensure that the desired objective of the study will be accomplished inside the study period.ReferencesAzar, D., Ball, K., Salmon, J., & Cleland, V. J. (2010). Physical activity correlates in young women with depressive symptoms a qualitative study. International journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 7(1), 3.Bloom, D.E., Cafiero, E.T., Jan-Llopis, E., Abrahams-Gessel, S., Bloom, L.R., Fathima, S., Feigl,A.B., Gaziano, T., Mowafi, M., Pandya, A., Prettner, K., Rosenberg, L., Seligman, B., Stein, A.Z., & Weinstein, C. (2011).The Global frugal Burden of Noncommunicable Diseases. Geneva World Economic ForumChen, J., Li, X., Natsuaki, M., Leve, L., & Harold, G. (2014). communicable and Environmental Influences on Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Adolescents. Behavior Genetics, 44(1), 36-44.Dinas, P. C., Koutedakis, Y., & Flouris, A. D. (2011). Effects of practice and physical activity on depression. Irish journal of medical science, 180(2), 319-325.Hafslund, B., Espehaug, B., & Nortvedt, M. (2012). Health-related quality of life, anxiety and depression related to mammography screening in Norway. Journal Of clinical Nursing, 21(21/22), 3223-3234Ingram, R. E. (2009). The international encyclopedia of depression. New York SpringerLpine, J. P., & Briley, M. (2011). The increasing burden of depression. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, 7(Suppl 1), 3-7.Onat, ., Delialiolu, S., & Uar, D. (2014). The risk of depression in elderly individuals, the factors which related to depression, the effect of depression to functional activity and quality of life. Turkish Journal Of geriatrics / Trk Geriatri Dergisi, 17(1), 35-43.Stulz, N., & Crits-Christoph, P. (2010). Distinguishing anxiety and depression in self-report purification of the beck anxiety inventory and beck depression inventory-II. Journal Of Clinical Psychology, 66(9), 927-940.Teychenne, M., Ball, K., & Salmon, J. (2008). Physical activity and likelihood of depression in adults A review. Prev Med 46, 397-411Uher, R., Perlis, R. H., Placentino, A., Dernovek, M., Henigsberg, N., Mors, O., & Farmer, A. (2012). Self-report and clinician-rated measures of depression severity can one stand in the other?. Depression & Anxiety (1091-4269), 29(12), 1043-1049.Watson, D., Clark., L., A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 541063-1070.Source document